The morphology of anomalous cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

The well established cosmic ray transport equation describes the physics of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere and is thought to be complete. Its solution for anomalous cosmic rays has special characteristics due to the local acceleration of these particles at the solar wind termination shock. Some of these characteristics are demonstrated here, namely effects by the strength of the shock, shock drift, the cutoff in the spectrum at the shock, species scaling, drift, and ionization

SOAP Services with Clarens: Guide for Developers and Administrators

The Clarens application server enables secure, asynchronous SOAP services to run on a Grid cluster such as one of those of the TeraGrid. There is a Client, who wants to use the service and understands the application domain enough to form a reasonable service request; a Developer, who is a power-user of the TeraGrid, who understands both Clarens and the application domain, and creates and deploys a service on a TeraGrid head node; and there is a Root system administrator, who controls the Clarens installation and the cluster on which it runs. The purpose of this document is to provide all of the information a service developer needs to know in order to deploy a Clarens service, with information also provided for the system administrator of the Clarens installation. First we discuss how each of the three roles see the service

Drift Calculations on the Modulation of Anomalous Cosmic Rays During the 1998 Solar Minimum Period

We present full-drift solutions of the two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation in an ongoing study to explain ACR observations made in the outer heliosphere. Calculated spectra are compared to 1998 ACR H, He, 0, N, and Ne observations from Voyager I and 2. It is found that the modulation is dominated by diffusion at the spacecraft positions and that the spectra of all the above species can be reasonably explained using a single set of modulation parameters. These include diffusion mean free paths with a magnitude significantly smaller at the shock than at the spacecraft positions

Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Other Ions from Voyager Observations

We present energy spectra of eleven cosmic ray elements with energies from rv5 to rv500 MeV/nuc using data obtained from the Voyager spacecraft in the outer heliosphere from early 1993 to the end of 1998. The lowenergy intensity increases observed in all these spectra are consistent with the shapes expected to be exhibited by primarily singly-charged anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs). One of these elements is Na, which is being reported as a member of the ACR component for the first time. We find that the intensity increase below rv 10 Me V /nuc in the Si spectrum in the outer heliosphere is not dominated by re-accelerated solar wind. There is also evidence for a non-ACR component in the energy spectra of Mg, Si, and S observed at 1 AU by the Wind spacecraft below rv5 MeV/nuc. We see evidence in the energy spectra of Ar in both the inner and outer heliosphere for multiply-charged ACRs above rv360 MeV. Using a fit to the ACR intensities with a full-drift, two-dimensional numerical model of the acceleration and propagation of singly-charged ACRs, we present a table of the relative abundances of the seed particles of eleven elements at the solar wind termination shock

Mobile Computing in Physics Analysis - An Indicator for eScience

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Grid-enabled physics analysis environment for handheld and other resource-limited computing devices as one example of the use of mobile devices in eScience. Handheld devices offer great potential because they provide ubiquitous access to data and round-the-clock connectivity over wireless links. Our solution aims to provide users of handheld devices the capability to launch heavy computational tasks on computational and data Grids, monitor the jobs status during execution, and retrieve results after job completion. Users carry their jobs on their handheld devices in the form of executables (and associated libraries). Users can transparently view the status of their jobs and get back their outputs without having to know where they are being executed. In this way, our system is able to act as a high-throughput computing environment where devices ranging from powerful desktop machines to small handhelds can employ the power of the Grid. The results shown in this paper are readily applicable to the wider eScience community.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Presented at the 3rd Int Conf on Mobile Computing & Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU06. London October 200

Basic Properties of Anomalous Cosmic Ray Spectra

The anomalous cosmic ray component is a much more sensitive probe of modulation/acceleration in the heliosphere than galactic cosmic rays. Based on one-dimensional, no-drift solutions of the transport equation, we formulate several properties that govern their acceleration and modulation

Use of grid tools to support CMS distributed analysis

In order to prepare the Physics Technical Design Report, due by end of 2005, the CMS experiment needs to simulate, reconstruct and analyse about 100 million events, corresponding to more than 200 TB of data. The data will be distributed to several Computing Centres. In order to provide access to the whole data sample to all the world-wide dispersed physicists, CMS is developing a layer of software that uses the Grid tools provided by the LCG project to gain access to data and resources and that aims to provide a user friendly interface to the physicists submitting the analysis jobs. To achieve these aims CMS will use Grid tools from both the LCG-2 release and those being developed in the framework of the ARDA project. This work describes the current status and the future developments of the CMS analysis system

Composition of Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Other Heliospheric Ions

Interstellar pickup ions accelerated by the termination shock of the solar wind dominate the anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) intensities observed by the Voyager spacecraft in the outer heliosphere. Using a two-dimensional acceleration and propagation model, we derive the relative abundances of these interstellar ACRs and determine the mass dependence of the injection/acceleration efficiency for the diffusive acceleration of H^+, He^+, N^+, O^+, and Ne^+. The energy spectra of C, Na, Mg, Si, S, and Ar also exhibit ACR increases at low energies. To interpret these observations, we have developed a new set of ionization rates for 11 neutral atoms, H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Si, S, and Ar at 1 AU, and a new set of filtration factors relating neutral densities in the local interstellar medium to those at the location of the solar wind termination shock. Using the injection/acceleration efficiencies and the Ar filtration factor, we estimate the density of neutral Ar to be (3.5 ± 1.6) × 10^(-7) cm^(-3) in the local interstellar medium. ACR C may have a significant contribution from interstellar neutral C, but the observed intensities of ACR Na, Mg, Si, and S significantly exceed that expected from interstellar neutrals, providing evidence of another source of pickup ions. One possibility discussed is the recently discovered "inner source" of singly charged ions that is thought to be solar wind atoms desorbed from interplanetary dust grains

Control methods for Dermanyssus gallinae in systems for laying hens: results of an international seminar

This paper reports the results of a seminar on poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae. Eighteen researchers from eight European countries discussed life cycle issues of the mite, effects of mites on hens and egg production, and monitoring and control methods for PRM in poultry facilities. It was determined that PRM probably causes more damage than envisaged, with the cost in The Netherlands alone reaching 11 million euro per annum. However a great deal is still unknown about PRM (e.g. reproduction, survival methods, etc.) and that PRM monitoring is an important instrument in recognising and admitting the problem and in taking timely measures. Currently, the most promising control method combines heating the hen house in combination with chemical treatments. Future areas of development which show promise include the use of entomopathogenic fungi, vaccination and predatory mites. The final aim is to solve the problem of D. gallinae in housing systems for laying hens